Force

  • A force is any interaction that, when unopposed, will change the motion of an object. A force can cause an object with mass to change its velocity, i.e., to accelerate. Force can also be described intuitively as a push or a pull. A force has both magnitude and direction, making it a vector quantity.

Newton’s Law of Motion

  • Newton’s laws of motion are three physical laws that, together, laid the foundation for classical mechanics. They describe the relationship between a body and the forces acting upon it, and its motion in response to those forces.

Inertia

  • Inertia is the resistance of any physical object to any change in its velocity. This includes changes to the object’s speed, or direction of motion. An aspect of this property is the tendency of objects to keep moving in a straight line at a constant speed, when no forces act upon them.

Acceleration

  • Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity of an object with respect to time. An object’s acceleration is the net result of all forces acting on the object, as described by Newton’s Second Law. The SI unit for acceleration is metre per second squared.

Velocity

  • The velocity of an object is the rate of change of its position with respect to a frame of reference, and is a function of time. Velocity is equivalent to a specification of an object’s speed and direction of motion.

Newton’s 2nd Law

  • The acceleration of an object as produced by a net force is directly proportional to the magnitude of the net force, in the same direction as the net force, and inversely proportional to the mass of the object.

Dynamics

  • Dynamics deals with the objects under accelerated motion due to the effect of a force.

Kinematics

  • Kinematics is concerned with the study of the motion of a point, a body or a system of bodies without bearing in mind the cause of motion i.e., force.

Speed

  • Speed is the distance traveled per unit of time. It is how fast an object is moving. Speed is the scalar quantity that is the magnitude of the velocity vector.

Newton’s 3rd Law

  • For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. The statement means that in every interaction, there is a pair of forces acting on the two interacting objects. The size of the forces on the first object equals the size of the force on the second object.

Gravity

  • is a natural phenomenon by which all things with mass or energy—including planets, stars, galaxies, and even light are brought toward (or gravitate toward) one another.

Normal Force

  • The normal force is the support force exerted upon an object that is in contact with another stable object. For example, if a book is resting upon a surface, then the surface is exerting an upward force upon the book in order to support the weight of the book.

Tension

  • Tension may be described as the pulling force transmitted axially by the means of a string, a cable, chain, or similar one-dimensional continuous object, or by each end of a rod, truss member, or similar three-dimensional object; tension might also be described as the action-reaction pair of forces acting at each end of said elements.

Friction

  • Friction is the force resisting the relative motion of solid surfaces, fluid layers, and material elements sliding against each other.

Kinetic Friction

  • Kinetic friction is a force that acts between moving surfaces. An object that is being moved over a surface will experience a force in the opposite direction as its movement. The magnitude of the force depends on the coefficient of kinetic friction between the two kinds of material.

Static Friction

  • Static friction is a force that keeps an object at rest. It must be overcome to start moving the object. Once an object is in motion, it experiences kinetic friction. If a small amount of force is applied to an object, the static friction has an equal magnitude in the opposite direction.

Air Resistance

  • Drag is a force acting opposite to the relative motion of any object moving with respect to a surrounding fluid. This can exist between two fluid layers or a fluid and a solid surface.

Uniform Circular Motion

  • Uniform circular motion can be described as the motion of an object in a circle at a constant speed. As an object moves in a circle, it is constantly changing its direction. At all instances, the object is moving tangent to the circle.

Center of Mass

  • The center of mass of a distribution of mass in space is the unique point where the weighted relative position of the distributed mass sums to zero. This is the point to which a force may be applied to cause a linear acceleration without an angular acceleration.